The collection consists mainly of correspondence, with some literary papers. The outline arrangement is as follows:
- General correspondence, 1905-46, arranged alphabetically
- Literary papers, 1902-48, including drafts of early poetry, manuscripts of unpublished works, working papers for Rabindranath Tagore; his life and work, and papers relating to a report on the political climate in India for the Rhodes Trustees
- Printed papers, 1894-1950, consisting mainly of newspaper reviews of Thompson's works arranged alphabetically by title
- Personal and financial papers, 1886-1945, including Thompson's war diaries, 1914-19, publishers' contracts, and photographs
- Family correspondence and papers, 1848-1962, including correspondence and papers of Elizabeth Thompson (Thompson's mother), including letters to her son; and correspondence and papers of Theodosia Thompson (Thompson's wife), including further correspondence with the publishers of E.J. Thompson's works